Markets

"कबीरा खड़ा बाजार में, मांगत सब की खैर। न काहु से दोस्ती, न काहु से बैर ।।"

Kabira Das says that we all stands in a Market and should want welfare of everyone. We should avoid friendship or enmity with anyone.  

Few Markets that I have seen and experienced are:

1. Highly organized markets:

• Modern Retail shops in which corporate are involved. They are highly competitive and well equipped with all modern facilities. They are fast in adopting new technologies.
• Stock and equity markets: Helpful in developing the equity funded business. Very fast in adopting new technologies. Have started including the low incomer intellectuals.
  Innovation: Easy merger and acquisition laws to facilitate the flow of capital between High capital and very low capital and debt-trapped business.
• Organized agricultural market: The market is owned by a benevolent Government Farmers and traders get registration numbers and a stall. There are officials and security guard to monitor the trade and price. Farmers and traders get free transport facility in Government transport system.
• Government supply of Ration and kerosene at subsidized rate.
• Small/Monopolistic shops and general stores. 

2. Unorganized squatting markets with poor infrastructures: The market is owned by private land lords. Farmers and traders occupy there place on chance and opportunity grasping basis. A person is allotted for revenue collection.
   Innovation: Here I feel that the ticketing system like that in Indian railway will be good. Government and corporate may try to take these business.

2. Moving Markets:

• Organized: Business in airplane, ships, train and bus.
• Semi organized: Business through vehicles like cycle, 4 wheeled carts, tempo, bus and general and sleeper compartments of Indian railway.  
  
  
• Human Walking and/or with Horse, Bull, Cycle/Motorcycle/2&4 wheelers, boat Market
• Sales man+/Delivery man: Items like grocery, Jewelery, fashion items, cloth, toy, tea, snacks (biscuit, samosa, chops), egg, Pani Puri (Gup-chup), ice cream, chana chur, fruits, sprouts, milk, curd, fried items, idli,vada, date palms, noodles, sugarcane juice, lemon water, litti, etc., animals like goat and chicken, “Bageri” (a wild bird, considered as agricultural pest, caught and killed for meat), dove, fish, Medicines, animal fodder, LPG cylinders, courier, parcel, passengers, bills, water, financial services, news papers and magazines, etc.
• Service man: Hair cut and shaving, body massaging, head massaging, ear cleaning, labor, job hunters, sales man repair works, pest control and insecticide spray,,mantra-tantra, entertainment (artist, jokers, snake charmer, monkey dancers, orators, singers, magic), scavenging, cleaning, putting wax/grease in vehicle, astrology, compounder, nursing, beggars and begging, pick pocketing, rat catcher, moving honey bee farming, detective works, security guards, drivers, cooks, tourist guide, Astrologers, Physicians, Campaigners for a politician and a party, missionaries, teachers, tent/stage makers, buyers (of scraps, old newspapers and magazines), photographer, video recorder, Artificial insemination, electrical service. etc.   
• Innovation: Better organization based on bio-metric registration.

3. A property market: 

• Currently it is highly formality based, taking good time.
• In a rural/semi rural property market, Mohri (Registrar) is the key official involved in transfer of property title from one person to another. He may demand Rs.30,000 to 40,000 for his work. Other officials are Ameen (Land mapper), Land revenue collector, etc. Ameen may demand Rs.800-1000 for his one day work.
• The property trade occurs at the district office.
• Official costs in a Property trade is not based on the size of the land but on the piece of work in a given date. In general, official and other costs in land transfer on per meter square basis is 18 %. While the rest 82 % is what the seller gets from the buyer. Price of my property sold in year 2014-15 was at a price of Rs.1,300/square meter.
• Few (3-5) people are required to be present with there voter ID, Aadhaar card, etc. to become witness of the trade. Bio-metric procedures are also involved.
• At final stage an official asks about the settled land price, reason for the property sale and whether the seller has received the money or not. After he/she gets satisfied, the trade is recorded in a computer.
• The procedures take around one full day. 3 months time period is given for confirming the trade and after that the final land documents are prepared. After that the land buyer has to go for getting the “Dakhil Kharij” papers, after which he/she becomes eligible for paying the land revenue for his/her purchased land, which is around Rs.50/year. 
• Innovation: On line property trade, like that of a shares, or like a on line-birth reservation in railway, will provide liquidity and convenience to the traders.  
• What if more than one inheritor claims right on an ancestral (dead/old/diseased relative's) property? Since money is important, all those who wants to get fresh land tax receipt, should be allowed to get it and should also be allowed to sell that property. But information about all those individually paying tax for a property, desiring to sell and getting first hand on selling, should be mentioned in the website. Why the Government should be worried about the problems in a family and among the inheritors? They should work on problems which is reported to them and not worry about the anticipated problems. In Ramayan, Ravan could govern Lanka, as his brother Kumbhkaron use to sleep for most of the time.

Land transgression and 2-3 lines of control

This is highly complicated and stressful issue. Involving severe violence, police and court cases. Indian philosophers have said about " वीर भोग्य वसुंधरा " strong people enjoy the taste of this life on earth. Local proverbs says-जड़, जोड़ू, जमीन (Assets, Wife, Land) etc. requires proper single control (Lord Ram is preferred over Lord Krishna).

Let us see the example of Indian railway- Often we book ticket but when we travel on our seat with a confirmed ticket, many people tries to capture/share our seat/birth. Some times we tolerate and sometimes express unhappiness and call TTE (Train ticket collector) and railway police. The situation is very bad when we have a wait-listed ticket or general or no ticket. 

Same thing happens with a property, especially when the property owner dies without properly making a Legal Will.  In this, if the local governments doesn't support you, you may loose your inherited property. Land Inheritance laws depends on region and religion. 

Getting fresh land tax receipt on regular basis shows your claim on inheritance, but if some of your property is in other's control and or in the control of another relatives, or if your faith, profession, etc. deviates, your claim will weaken.  

If you have money, you can take support of Ameen, police or a lawyer, but if you are a pauper and in some debt traps, only God can save you. 

4. Print and Electronic Markets:

• Here Print media like newspapers,magazines and electronic media like radio and Television are used. Simple and smart phones are used for communications. Proper power and electricity supply are required.
• Smart phones and computer with Internet, speakers, camera, microphone and other accessories are required. Comfort and convenience are high but initial fixed and later recurring costs are also high. Few people have the required knowledge and facility. Though they are good source for knowledge transfer and entertainments. But use of digital wold merely for entertainment and senseless debates will kill its importance. Chances of cheating and dragging into traps are also very high. Competition is fierce and those with poor infrastructure cannot survive.
  Abhorrence towards people in struggling phase for loan and job, no financial support to people with poor credit score, financial and time based targets by telecommunication company, Banks levying fees for its financial services and fine for not maintaining proper bank balance, high targets by Google ad sense for its publishers, etc. are current challenges.
  Innovation: Easy financial support, technical supports, proper consultancy, e-governance for problem solving and trade facilitation should be there. Cases of cheating, trapping, luring, should be noticed and solved.